Energy Storage using Latent heat thermal

Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage is an efficient and modern method for storing thermal energy. This approach uses special materials that absorb or release a large amount of energy as latent heat during a phase change (e.g., from solid to liquid or vice versa).

Latent heat is the energy required to change the physical state of a substance without changing its temperature. For example, when ice melts, it absorbs heat to break molecular bonds and turn into water. This absorbed energy is known as the latent heat of fusion.

The materials used in this method are called Phase Change Materials (PCMs). These materials undergo a phase change at a specific temperature and, in doing so, absorb or release a significant amount of energy in the form of latent heat.

Advantages:

  • High Energy Density:
    PCMs can store a large amount of energy in a relatively small volume.

  • Constant Temperature:
    During phase change, the temperature of the system remains nearly constant, making temperature regulation easier.

  • Wide Range of Applications:
    This method is used in various industries including building systems, solar energy, and the food industry.

Applications:

  • Buildings:
    For heating and cooling purposes.

  • Solar Energy:
    To store solar energy collected during the day for use at night.

  • Food Industry:
    To maintain the temperature of food products.

  • HVAC Systems:
    To reduce the load on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.

  • Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems:
    To improve the overall efficiency of energy systems.

Types of PCMs:

PCMs are generally categorized into two main types:

  • Organic PCMs:
    Such as paraffins, fatty acids, and alcohols.

  • Inorganic PCMs:
    Such as hydrated salts.

The choice of PCM depends on the desired operating temperature, cost, and other physical properties.